目前最新的CentOS 6.3中，仍然使用的是PostgreSQL 8.4版本。为了满足另一应用系统的需求，必须安装PostgreSQL 9及以上版本。本文将叙述如何使用PostgreSQL官方软件仓库和YUM工具，实现自动安装PostgeSQL 9。我使用的CentOS版本为6.3，该操作方法同样适用于使用CentOS 5, RedHat或者Fedora版本的朋友，只是需要注意下载文件时有对应的版本选择。

　　1、下载并安装PostgreSQL官方软件仓库

　　访问http://yum.pgrpms.org/repopackages.php，选择对应的操作系统版本，下载repo rpm文件。对应我的操作系统CentOS 6.3 32位版本，使用wget命令下载，操作如下：

[root@wardking ~]# wget http://yum.pgrpms.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm –2012-10-11 02:52:40– http://yum.pgrpms.org/9.2/redhat/rhel-6-i386/pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm Resolving yum.pgrpms.org… 98.129.198.114 Connecting to yum.pgrpms.org|98.129.198.114|:80… connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK Length: 5328 (5.2K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm 100%[==============================================================================================================================>] 5,328 24.7K/s in 0.2s 2012-10-11 02:52:42 (24.7 KB/s) – “pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpmâ€

　　安装软件仓库

[root@wardking ~]# rpm -ivh pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm warning: pgdg-centos92-9.2-6.noarch.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY Preparing… ########################################### [100%] 1:pgdg-centos92 ########################################### [100%]

　　编辑CentOS-Base.repo，将目前的CentOS仓库中的版本排除

[root@wardking ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo # remarked out baseurl= line instead. [base] name=CentOS-$releasever – Base mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 exclude=postgresql* #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever – Updates mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 exclude=postgresql*

　　试一下，应该可以看到最新的PostgreSQL出现在可用软件列表中：

[root@wardking ~]# yum list postgres* Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.btte.net * rpmforge: mirror.fairway.ne.jp * updates: mirrors.btte.net base extras pgdg92 pgdg92/primary_db updates Installed Packages postgresql.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-contrib.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-devel.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-libs.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-plperl.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-server.i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 Available Packages postgresql-ip4r.i686 1.05-1.el6 postgresql-pgpool-II.i686 3.2.0-1.el6 postgresql-pgpool-II-devel.i686 3.2.0-1.el6 postgresql-pgpool-II-recovery.i686 3.2.0-1.el6 postgresql-plparrot.i686 0.04-5.el6 postgresql-plruby.i686 0.5.3-4.el6 postgresql-plruby-doc.i686 0.5.3-4.el6 postgresql-relay.i686 1.3-2.2.el6.rf postgresql92.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-contrib.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-debuginfo.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-devel.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-docs.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-jdbc.i686 9.2.1000-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-jdbc-debuginfo.i686 9.2.1000-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-libs.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-odbc.i686 09.01.0200-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-odbc-debuginfo.i686 09.01.0200-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-plperl.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-plpython.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-pltcl.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-server.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-tcl.i686 2.0.0-1.rhel6 postgresql92-tcl-debuginfo.i686 2.0.0-1.rhel6 postgresql92-test.i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6

 

　　将旧版本中的postgresql软件包全部删除

[root@wardking ~]# yum remove postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-devel postgresql-plperl postgr Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies –> Running transaction check —> Package postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased —> Package postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased —> Package postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased —> Package postgresql-libs.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased –> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5 for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686 –> Processing Dependency: postgresql-libs for package: libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686 —> Package postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased —> Package postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be erased –> Running transaction check —> Package libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6 will be erased –> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version ====================================================================================================================== Removing: postgresql i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-contrib i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-devel i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-libs i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-plperl i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-server i686 8.4.13-1.el6_3 Removing for dependencies: libdbi-dbd-pgsql i686 0.8.3-5.1.el6 Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================== Remove 7 Package(s) Installed size: 34 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Erasing : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Erasing : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686 Erasing : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-server-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-contrib-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : libdbi-dbd-pgsql-0.8.3-5.1.el6.i686 Verifying : postgresql-devel-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-plperl-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Verifying : postgresql-libs-8.4.13-1.el6_3.i686 Removed: postgresql.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-contrib.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-devel.i686 0:8.4.13- postgresql-plperl.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 postgresql-server.i686 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 Dependency Removed: libdbi-dbd-pgsql.i686 0:0.8.3-5.1.el6 Complete!

　　2、 开始安装最新版PostgreSQL

　　现在已经可以使用yum直接安装

yum -y install postgresql postgresql-contrib postgresql-libs postgresql-plperl postgresql-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn * epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn * rpmforge: mirror.hmc.edu * updates: ftp.iij.ad.jp Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies –> Running transaction check —> Package postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed —> Package postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed —> Package postgresql92-libs.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed —> Package postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed —> Package postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 will be installed –> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version ====================================================================================================================== Installing: postgresql92 i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-contrib i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-libs i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-plperl i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-server i686 9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================== Install 5 Package(s) Total download size: 5.3 M Installed size: 21 M Downloading Packages: (1/5): postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm (2/5): postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm (3/5): postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm (4/5): postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm (5/5): postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686.rpm ———————————————————————————————————————- Total Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installing : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-plperl-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-server-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-libs-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-contrib-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Verifying : postgresql92-9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6.i686 Installed: postgresql92.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-contrib.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 pos postgresql92-plperl.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 postgresql92-server.i686 0:9.2.1-1PGDG.rhel6 Complete!

 

　　3、初始化数据库并启动

　　安装操作顺利完成后，对数据库进行初始化，然后启动服务

[root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 initdb Initializing database: [ OK ] [root@wardking ~]# service postgresql-9.2 start Starting postgresql-9.2 service: [ OK ]

　　如果有错误信息出现，检查日志文件 /var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data/pg_log，查找线索

　　4、 配置工作环境

　　PostgreSQL数据库操作的默认账户为postgres，其操作目录为/var/lib/pgsql，配置文件.bash_profile中的默认内容为

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profile PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data export PGDATA

　　以上配置中包括了数据库所在的路径，但是没有可执行命令文件所在的目录，为操作便利，更正如下：

[ -f /etc/profile ] && source /etc/profile PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data export PGDATA PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/pgsql-9.1/bin export PATH

　　5、设置默认账户postgres的操作密码

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres -bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres psql (9.2.1) Type “help” for help. postgres=# alter user postgres with password ‘postgres’; ALTER ROLE postgres=#

　　6、 提升postgreSQL安全

　　默认配置中，postgreSQL使用明文存储密码，非常不安全，需要修改配置文件，更改密码验证方式为md5

[root@wardking ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/9.1/data/pg_hba.conf # Put your actual configuration here # ———————————- # # If you want to allow non-local connections, you need to add more # “host” records. In that case you will also need to make PostgreSQL # listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses # configuration parameter, or via the -i or -h command line switches. # TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD # “local” is for Unix domain socket connections only local all all md5 # IPv4 local connections: host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5 # IPv6 local connections: host all all ::1/128 md5 # Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the # replication privilege. #local replication postgres peer #host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 ident #host replication postgres ::1/128 ident

　　为了使配置文件生效，必须让postgreSQL重新载入配置，有多种方式可以实现：

　　第一种方式： 直接使用命令操作

[root@wardking ~]# su – postgres -bash-4.1$ pg_ctl reload server signaled -bash-4.1$

　　第二种方式：切换到postgres用户，通过psql命令，调用pg_reload_conf();

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres psql (9.1.1) Type “help” for help. postgres=# select pg_reload_conf(); pg_reload_conf —————- t (1 row) postgres=#

　　第三种方式：切换到postgres用户，同样使用psql命令，但无须登录PostgreSQL控制台

-bash-4.1$ psql postgres postgres -c “select pg_reload_conf();” Password for user postgres: pg_reload_conf —————- t (1 row) -bash-4.1$

　　允许远程连接PostgreSQL数据库

　　PostgreSQL的主配置文件postgresql.conf位于目录/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/data，其中CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION段中的配置如下

#—————————————————————————— # CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION #—————————————————————————— # – Connection Settings - #listen_addresses = ‘localhost’ # what IP address(es) to listen on; # comma-separated list of addresses; # defaults to ‘localhost’, ‘*’ = all # (change requires restart) #port = 5432 # (change requires restart)

　　以上默认设置仅接受来自本地(Localhost)的连接，如果需要允许远程主机连接，需要将listen_addresses注释取消，并将localhost更改为*或者指定的网卡IP地址。此处还可以更改默认的监听端口5432

　　修改完成后，需要重新启动postgresql-9.2系统服务，重新载入配置文件后方可生效。

　　如果修改该文件导致服务无法启动，可以查看/var/lib/pgsql/9.2/pg_log文件，查找线索进行排错。

　　重新启动完成后，进入postgres用户控制台，登录数据库操作界面，可以验证更改结果

-bash-4.1$ psql Password: psql (9.1.1) Type “help” for help. postgres=# show listen_addresses; listen_addresses —————— * (1 row) postgres=# show port; port —— 5432 (1 row) postgres=#

 原文地址：http://www.wardking.com/2012/10/%e4%b8%bacentos%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e6%9c%80%e6%96%b0%e7%89%88postgresql/